- What is Software Testing?
- Importance of Software Testing
- Testing Life Cycle
- Types of Testing: Functional vs Non-Functional
- Levels of Testing: Unit, Integration, System, Acceptance
- Principles of Software Testing
- Key Terminology: Test Case, Bug, Defect, Error, Failure

- What is a Test Case?
- Structure of Test Cases: Test ID, Description, Expected Result, etc.
- Test Case Writing Guidelines
- Types of Test Cases: Positive, Negative, Boundary Test Cases
- Test Data Creation
- Test Execution and Results Verification

- Functional Testing
- Unit Testing
- Integration Testing
- System Testing
- Acceptance Testing
- Non-Functional Testing
- Usability Testing
- Performance Testing
- Security Testing
- Regression Testing
- Smoke and Sanity Testing
- Exploratory Testing
- Ad-hoc Testing
- User Interface (UI) Testing
- Compatibility Testing

- Stages in Defect Life Cycle: New, Assigned, Open, Closed, Reopened, etc.
- Defect Severity and Priority
- Defect Reporting Tools: Bugzilla, JIRA, etc.

- Introduction to Test Management Tools
- Defect Tracking Tools
- Test Case Management Tools
- Version Control Systems for Manual Testing

- Test Coverage
- Defect Density
- Test Execution Progress
- Defect Leakage
- Test Effectiveness
- Test Summary Report

- Common Mistakes in Manual Testing
- Testing Techniques
- Test Environment Setup
- Test Estimation
- Collaboration and Communication with Development Teams

- Difference Between Manual and Automation Testing
- When to use Automation vs Manual Testing
- Automation Tools Overview (if expanding beyond manual testing)

- Hands-on practice with test cases and defect reporting
- Simulated Projects and Real-Life Testing Scenarios